{"id":18,"date":"2020-12-18T17:02:57","date_gmt":"2020-12-18T17:02:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/scholarblogs.emory.edu\/techarthistoryactivities\/?page_id=18"},"modified":"2024-02-21T16:59:46","modified_gmt":"2024-02-21T16:59:46","slug":"patina","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/scholarblogs.emory.edu\/techarthistoryactivities\/patina\/","title":{"rendered":"Patina"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"18\" class=\"elementor elementor-18\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ca7d65e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ca7d65e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5fc5b61\" data-id=\"5fc5b61\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5366967 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5366967\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Patination<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-636d1682 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"636d1682\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3cd52fc9\" data-id=\"3cd52fc9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-679c4b3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"679c4b3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;color: #333333\">Learning Objectives\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333\"><\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #333333\">To witness the oxidation process that turns copper objects green\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #333333\">To understand how a patina may be formed on top of an object\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #333333\">To understand\u00a0that copper\u00a0corrosion is caused by a chemical reaction\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333\"><\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;color: #333333\">Curricular Tie-ins\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #333333\">This patina workshop is a useful tool to help students to understand the process of copper corrosion by simulating copper oxidation. Understanding the process of corrosion will help students accurately recognize the chemistry of the patina formed on a copper object.\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333\">Students will be able to answer the following questions:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333\"><\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #333333\">What type of chemical reaction occurs on copper that\u00a0causes\u00a0an apple green patina to form?\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #333333\">Why is understanding this reaction useful in technical art history?\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #333333\">How can the addition of a patina to the surface change the\u00a0interpretation\u00a0of an object?\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333\"><\/span><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"color: #333333\">Supplies\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333\"><\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #333333\">Clean workspace\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #333333\">Mylar, newspaper (to protect the work surface, if necessary)\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #333333\">Paper towels\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #333333\">Zip-loc sandwich-size bag\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #333333\">About 3.5\u00d74 inch piece of card-stock\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #333333\">Apron\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #333333\">Nitrile gloves\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #333333\">Safety glasses\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #333333\">2\u00d72 inch copper coupon\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333\"><\/span><\/p>\n<figure><span style=\"color: #333333\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/scholarblogs.emory.edu\/techarthistoryactivities\/files\/2020\/12\/dried_coupon-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"413\" height=\"311\" \/><\/span>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<figcaption><span style=\"color: #333333\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Dried copper coupon<\/span><\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333\"><\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #333333\">Sandpaper (medium and coarse grit)\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #333333\">Empty film canister\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #333333\">Paintbrush\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #333333\">Centrifuge tubes\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #333333\">2tbsp medicine dispenser cups\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #333333\">About 1 tsp of cupric Chloride [copper (II) chloride]\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #333333\">Ammonium chloride\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/scholarblogs.emory.edu\/techarthistoryactivities\/files\/2023\/02\/patina_paint-1024x957.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"416\" height=\"388\" \/>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Inter, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;font-style: normal;font-weight: 300;color: var( --e-global-color-text );letter-spacing: var( --e-global-typography-text-letter-spacing );text-transform: var( --e-global-typography-text-text-transform )\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Painting the Patina onto the Coupon<\/span>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;color: #333333\">Steps<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333\"><\/span><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;color: #333333\">Before Class:<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333\"><\/span><\/p>\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #333333\">Prepare film canister with cupric chloride\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #333333\">Add cupric chloride to each film canister\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #333333\">Add ammonium chloride to around the 1mL line of the centrifuge tube\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #333333\">Every film canister should get a tube of ammonium chloride\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333\"><\/span><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;color: #333333\">Directions:\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333\"><\/span><\/p>\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #333333\">Using the sandpaper, scratch the surface of the copper coupon\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #333333\">Place copper on cardstock card\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #333333\">Add about 1 ounce of water to the film canister using the medicine cup\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #333333\">Stir the mixture using a paintbrush\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #333333\">Add the entire tube of ammonium chloride, stir\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #333333\">Brush a layer of copper solution, and allow it to dry\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #333333\">Repeat adding enough layers of copper to cause the surface of the copper to form an apple-green coating (patina)\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #333333\">To dispose of copper solution:\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #333333\">Put paper towels into a zip-loc bag\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #333333\">Pour the solution onto paper towels, and allow to dry\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #333333\">Throw away the dried paper towels and bag\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333\"><\/span><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"color: #333333\">Tips\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333\"><\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #333333\">Wear clothes that you do not mind getting dirty\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #333333\">Keep solution away from eyes\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #333333\">Do not drink the solution\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #333333\">Brush thin layers of copper solution on to copper coupon\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333\"><\/span><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"color: #333333\">Safety<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333\"><\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #333333\">Do not eat or drink at workstations<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #333333\">Exercise care when using sandpaper\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #333333\">Dispose of the copper solution properly\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #333333\">Wear gloves and safety glasses during the workshop\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333\"><\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;color: #333333\">Additional Materials<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333\"><\/span><\/p>\n<div><span style=\"color: #333333;font-family: Inter, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;font-style: normal;font-weight: 300\">Video of patinating copper using household ammonia and table salt. Mixing the two forms ammonium chloride and causes a similar chemical reaction to the copper as this workshop.<\/span><\/div>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #333333\"><a style=\"color: #333333\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=r_yqASgdb6Y&amp;ab_channel=AprilWilkerson\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=r_yqASgdb6Y&amp;ab_channel=AprilWilkerson<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333\"><\/span><\/p>\n<div><span style=\"color: #333333;font-family: Inter, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;font-style: normal;font-weight: 300\">A quick guide for three different ways to patina copper using household materials such as eggs, vinegar, and Miracle-Gro plant fertilizer.\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #333333\"><a style=\"color: #333333\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/Oxidize-Copper\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/Oxidize-Copper<\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333\"><\/span><\/p>\n<div><span style=\"color: #333333;font-family: Inter, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;font-style: normal;font-weight: 300\">Video of five different copper patina techniques, ranging from blue to brown patinas. The instructor uses solutions such as an ammonium chloride solution to achieve the different colors.\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #333333\"><a style=\"color: #333333\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=yl67z6XmNiQ&amp;t=152s&amp;ab_channel=TheCrafsManSteadyCraftin\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=yl67z6XmNiQ&amp;t=152s&amp;ab_channel=TheCrafsManSteadyCraftin<\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\/*! elementor &#8211; v3.19.0 &#8211; 07-02-2024 *\/ .elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]&gt;a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px} Patination Learning Objectives\u00a0 To witness the&hellip; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6982,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-18","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/scholarblogs.emory.edu\/techarthistoryactivities\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/18","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/scholarblogs.emory.edu\/techarthistoryactivities\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/scholarblogs.emory.edu\/techarthistoryactivities\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scholarblogs.emory.edu\/techarthistoryactivities\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6982"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scholarblogs.emory.edu\/techarthistoryactivities\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18"}],"version-history":[{"count":23,"href":"https:\/\/scholarblogs.emory.edu\/techarthistoryactivities\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/18\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":830,"href":"https:\/\/scholarblogs.emory.edu\/techarthistoryactivities\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/18\/revisions\/830"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/scholarblogs.emory.edu\/techarthistoryactivities\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}