In 1881, Maria Augusta Generoso Estrela and Josefa Águeda Oliveira, two Brazilian medical students at the New York Medical College and Hospital for Women, launched the journal A Mulher: Periodico Illustrado de Litteratura e Bellas-Artes. Written in Portuguese, the journal described itself as an “Illustrated Periodical of Literature and Fine Arts, dedicated to the interests and rights of Brazilian women.” The publication became a significant platform for advocating women’s emancipation, addressing issues such as education, professional opportunities, and societal roles for women.
Maria Augusta, born in Rio de Janeiro, had enrolled at the New York Medical College on October 17, 1876, at just 16 years old, after passing the required examinations. She completed her medical degree in 1879, breaking barriers as one of the first Brazilian women to graduate from a medical school. However, due to her age, she had to wait two years to receive her diploma.
The journal A Mulher sparked considerable debate in Brazil, with its ideas gaining traction through widespread coverage in the Brazilian press. It received both criticism and support, generating heated discussions about the role of women in society. The efforts of Maria Augusta and Josefa Águeda exemplified a bold push toward the recognition of women’s rights and intellectual contributions in the late 19th century.
You can check out the journal here in the Brazilian Digital Library.