To understand how stroke and stroke gait training modify spinal reflex circuit physiology,  we use peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) to evoke Hoffman’s or H-reflexes from the Soleus muscle. We are investigating short-term and long-term changes in H-reflex recruitment curves with clinically-applicable gait training approaches in people post-stroke. We also paired TMS with peripheral nerve stimulation to probe convergent connections onto spinal lower motor neurons from descending cortical and ascending / local spinal projections. Ongoing NIH-funded projects in our lab are utilizing PNS-evoked H-reflexes to evaluate the magnitude and time-course of gait training-induced spinal circuit neuroplasticity in people with chronic post-stroke hemiparesis.