The article delves into the evolutionary selection pressures that have shaped the vectorial capacity and competence of Anopheles mosquitoes. Cohuet et al. begin by addressing the impact of parasite virulence on a host’s fitness; in particular, the team narrows down the infection-induced costs to fitness to a reduction in survival or the ability to reproduce. To explain a possible reduction in longevity from Plasmodium infections, Cohuet et al. proposed four hypothesis: cell damage, a costly immune response, competition between the host and parasite for resources, and parasite-induced behavioral changes that increase mortality. Cohuet et al., however, reasoned that a reduction in fecundity is a more commonly observed fitness cost of infections as it minimally affects transmission rates in comparison to a reduction in longevity. The article also delves into the length of the sporogonic cycle as a determinant of vectorial capacity; specifically, Cohuet et al. suggest that a longer time for sporogonic development favors producing higher number of sporozoites. The group further suggests that carrying out the sporogonic cycle at an optimal temperature yields a high number of sporozoites while decreasing the length of the sporogonic cycle. Intriguingly, a study revealed that Plasmodium­-infected flies demonstrated a greater attraction to higher temperatures than non-infected flies. Additionally, Cohuet et al. present a hypothesis suggesting that anthropophilic behavior plays a role in vectorial capacity. I find this hypothesis particularly appealing as it provides an evolutionary and historical context for the adaptation of high vectorial capacity in the Anopheles species. While the article delves into many studies and biological processes, I feel that Cohuet et al. do an excellent job of emphasizing the underlying evolutionary theme throughout the article. The notion that there is a constantly evolutionary ‘race’ between parasites and their hosts is rather intriguing; in particular, the fact that this adaptations ‘race’ often leads to rapid evolution is particularly interesting as the theory of evolution generally evokes the connotation of a slow process that occurs over thousands and thousands of years.